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This study examined a cross\u2010sectional model in which IC was associated with scrupulosity, mental contamination, and OCD symptom dimensions via indirect paths involving FOS and obsessive beliefs in undergraduate samples from the United States and Turkey. Participants were 903 undergraduate students (347 US, 556 Turkish) who completed measures of IC, FOS, obsessive beliefs, scrupulosity, mental contamination, and OCD symptoms. Path analyses provided stronger support for the modified final model in the Turkish sample, whereas the US model showed more limited overall fit and should therefore be interpreted cautiously. Within this context, significant indirect associations between IC and scrupulosity, mental contamination, and most OCD dimensions were observed through FOS and\/or obsessive beliefs in one or both samples. Indirect pathways through FOS were significant for scrupulosity, mental contamination, and unacceptable thoughts in both samples, whereas other OCD dimensions showed sample\u2010specific patterns: responsibility for harm and symmetry were significant only in the Turkish sample, and contamination was significant only in the US sample. Indirect pathways through obsessive beliefs were significant for scrupulosity, mental contamination, responsibility for harm, unacceptable thoughts, contamination, and symmetry in both samples. These findings suggest that an IBA\u2010consistent pattern may be present in both US and Turkish samples, although the role of self\u2010related concerns and obsessive beliefs may vary across symptom domains and samples. However, given the limited fit of the US model and the nonidentical final models, cross\u2010sample comparisons should be considered exploratory rather than confirmatory.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.70189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T06:54:22Z","timestamp":1784271262000},"page":"1661-1672","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Inferential\u2010Based Model of Scrupulosity and Obsessive\u2013Compulsive Disorder Across Cultures: The Roles of Fear of Self and Obsessive Beliefs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2212-7534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mujgan","family":"Inozu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Hacettepe University Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3208-5611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas S.","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7345-2257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d6zlem","family":"Ergin Ayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Tekirda\u011f Nam\u0131k Kemal University Tekirda\u011f Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0184-7943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasemin","family":"Erol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Baskent University Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4068-0333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elif","family":"Usta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Hacettepe University Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5064-2739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elif","family":"Uzumcu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Baskent University Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6876-1103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph B.","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2388-8447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily K.","family":"Juel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1721-8060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan S.","family":"Abramowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2020.100558"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","volume-title":"Resolving OCD: Advanced Strategies for Overcoming Obsessional Doubt","author":"Aardema F.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.464"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2121"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2013.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/jcop.17.1.23.58270"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/088983907781494573"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2004.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-009-9157-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2023.100807"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/med:psych\/9780195310641.003.0013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abramowitz J. 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