{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T09:36:47Z","timestamp":1743068207628,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,18]],"date-time":"2019-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000008","name":"Health Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000008","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Community Psychology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using an entrepreneurship lens, this study examined the narratives of urban adults experiencing homelessness and living with mental illness, to explore strategies used for day\u2010to\u2010day survival.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Semi\u2010structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 14 females, 30 males, and one individual identifying as \u201cother,\u201d living in a mid\u2010sized Canadian city. The average age was 39 years. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis informed by grounded theory.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants described creative and intentional strategies for managing life on the street without permanent shelter, including recognition of opportunities, mobilization of their own or acquired resources, and use of social connections and communication skills, and strategies that demonstrated entrepreneurial processes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Findings suggest that participants used survival entrepreneurship strategies and processes to navigate daily life while experiencing homelessness. Recognition and validation of the propensity for enterprise and self\u2010sufficiency are central for both individual recovery and ending homelessness within similar populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.22204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,18]],"date-time":"2019-06-18T23:18:58Z","timestamp":1560899938000},"page":"1548-1562","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The entrepreneurship of survival among urban adults experiencing homelessness and mental illness"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7787-3411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corinne A.","family":"Isaak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"},{"name":"End Homelessness Winnipeg Winnipeg MB Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jitender","family":"Sareen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"},{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences University of Manitoba  Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jino","family":"Distasio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Urban Studies University of Winnipeg Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.21524"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-011-9444-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_4_1","unstructured":"2003 University of Ottawa Centre for Research on Community Services Ottawa Canada T. Aubry F. Klodawsky E. Hay Panel study on persons who are homeless in Ottawa: Phase 1 results"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jibs.8400153"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2189\/asqu.2005.50.3.329"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.15453\/0191-5096.2046","article-title":"Entrepreneurial activities of homeless men","volume":"19","author":"Balkin A.","year":"1992","journal-title":"The Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sej.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_9_1","unstructured":"2012 National Association of Friendship Centres (NAFC) and the Office of the Federal Interlocutor for M\u00e9tis and Non\u2010 Status Indians (OFI) Ottawa ON Y. Belanger G. Weasel Head O. Awosoga Assessing Urban Aboriginal Housing and Homelessness in Canada"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/ejdr.2011.61"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10566-006-9029-4"},{"volume-title":"Homelessness and Mental Health","year":"2007","author":"Bhugra D.","key":"e_1_2_12_1_12_1"},{"volume-title":"How to change the world: Social entrepreneurs and the power of new ideas","year":"2007","author":"Bornstein D.","key":"e_1_2_12_1_13_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socec.2004.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soscij.2016.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674029095"},{"volume-title":"Improving the health of Canadians: Mental health and homelessness","year":"2007","author":"Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI)","key":"e_1_2_12_1_17_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_18_1","unstructured":"2006 Sage Thousand Oaks CA K. Charmaz Constructing Grounded Theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_19_1","unstructured":"Constitution Act. (1982).Schedule B Part II: Rights of Aboriginal Peoples of Canada.Department of Justice Canada. Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/laws.justice.gc.ca\/en\/const\/annex_e.html#II"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_20_1","unstructured":"Dees J.G.(1998). Enterprising nonprofits.Harvard Business Review Jan\/Feb 55\u201367."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-6520.2005.00076.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15332985.2013.764960"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874924001003020021"},{"volume-title":"The State of Homelessness in Canada: 2013","year":"2013","author":"Gaetz S.","key":"e_1_2_12_1_24_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_25_1","unstructured":"Gaetz S. Gulliver T. &Richter T.(2014): The State of Homelessness in Canada: 2014.Toronto ON:The Homeless Hub Press. Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/homelesshub.ca\/resource\/state\u2010homelessness\u2010canada\u20102014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2011-000323"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.53.11.1472"},{"issue":"23","key":"e_1_2_12_1_28_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"New Hobos or Neo\u2010romatic fantasy. Urban ethnography beyond the neoliberal disconnect","volume":"32","author":"Gowan T.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Qualitative Sociology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5749\/minnesota\/9780816648696.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.21900"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_1_31_1","first-page":"50","article-title":"Entrepreneurship and traditional elites","volume":"2","author":"Hoselitz B. F.","year":"1963","journal-title":"Explorations in Entrepreneurial History"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_32_1","unstructured":"Hougaz L.&Deakin J.(2015). Think differently: An exploratory study of entrepreneurship and homelessness. In R. Paola Dameri & L. Beltrametti (Eds.).Conference Proceedings ECIE 2015\u201310th European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship(pp. 263\u2013271). Genoa Italy."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260512454717"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_34_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Homelessness and health","volume":"164","author":"Hwang S. W.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_35_1","unstructured":"Isaak C.(2012).At Home\/Chez Soi Research Demonstration Project: Winnipeg Baseline Consumer Narratives Report. Calgary AB: Mental Health Commission of Canada. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.mentalhealthcommission.ca\/English\/document\/60126\/homechez\u2010soi\u2010research\u2010demonstration\u2010project\u2010winnipeg\u2010baseline\u2010consumer\u2010narratives\u2010rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2014.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2524.2006.00624.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-015-9575-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hsw\/35.1.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004379"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_1_41_1","first-page":"60","article-title":"Entrepreneurial discovery and the competitive market process: An Austrian approach","volume":"35","author":"Kirzner I. M.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Literature"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13676261.2012.677814"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.083733"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_44_1","unstructured":"1972 University of California Press CA I. Light Ethnic Enterprise in America . Berkeley"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_45_1","first-page":"pp. 647","volume-title":"The Handbook of Economic Sociology","author":"Light I.","year":"1994"},{"volume-title":"Race, Ethnicity, and Entrepreneurship in Urban America","year":"1995","author":"Light I.","key":"e_1_2_12_1_46_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-1767(85)90062-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15588742.2016.1109960"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.21765"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137371461"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_51_1","first-page":"pp. 271","volume-title":"Handbook of research on social entrepreneurship","author":"Myers P.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_52_1","unstructured":"NVivo (Version 9) [Computer software]. (2010). Burlington USA (Americas): QSR International Pty Ltd."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199009000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_54_1","unstructured":"Paterson M. Somers J. M. McIntosh K. Shiell A. &Frankish C. J.(2008).Housing and support for adults with severe addictions and\/or mental illness in British Columbia.Vancouver British Columbia: Simon Fraser University Centre for Applied Research in Mental Health and Addiction. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.sfu.ca\/carmha\/publications\/housing\u2010and\u2010support\u2010for\u2010adults\u2010with\u2010severe.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.20335"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764017748986"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11414-009-9175-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2013.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/9780822389910-001"},{"volume-title":"The Theory of Economic Development","year":"1934","author":"Schumpeter J. A.","key":"e_1_2_12_1_60_1"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_1_61_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"Forced to entrepreneurship: Modeling the factors behind necessity entrepreneurship","volume":"22","author":"Servier L.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/259271"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_63_1","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. (2013).Aboriginal Peoples in Canada: First Nations people Metis and Inuit: National household survey 2011. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/en\/catalogue\/99\u2010011\u2010X2011001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-23622-8_11"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/0047-6765(2000)038<0105:ABOOSR>2.0.CO;2"}],"container-title":["Journal of Community Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjcop.22204","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcop.22204","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jcop.22204","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcop.22204","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T21:30:50Z","timestamp":1694295050000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcop.22204"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,18]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jcop.22204"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcop.22204","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-4392","1520-6629"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0090-4392"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1520-6629"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-11-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-05-08","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-06-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}