{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T05:40:53Z","timestamp":1791438053006,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Community Psychology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>People experiencing homelessness during the 2017\u20132018 California wildfires faced significant risks of disruption. Homeless service organizations (HSOs) are an essential safety net for this population. To learn about how HSOs performed during the wildfires, this study interviewed U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) staff overseeing HSOs providing transitional housing under the VA's Grant and Per Diem (GPD) program to Veterans experiencing homelessness. We employed a comparative case study approach exploring GPD organizations' disaster response actions, including evacuating Veterans from wildfire\u2010affected areas or taking in disaster\u2010displaced Veterans. This article presents three themes in the GPD organizations' disaster response: (1) Organizations benefitted from close collaboration and communication with the VA during the disaster, creating a safety net to ensure Veterans' well\u2010being and enact rapid re\u2010housing to prevent homelessness; (2) Organization staff performed heroically under stressful disaster conditions; and (3) Organizations benefitted from the written disaster plans that VA requires them to create, but were not as well\u2010prepared for wildfires as they had been for earthquakes. As emergent threats such as the COVID\u201019 pandemic, wildfires, and a very active 2020 hurricane season amplify the importance of mitigating risks, comprehensive disaster planning is needed to ensure the safety and support of people experiencing homelessness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.22653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T17:28:52Z","timestamp":1626110932000},"page":"2532-2547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Managing the unexpected: The role of homeless service providers during the 2017\u20132018 California wildfires"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1398-5278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"June L.","family":"Gin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Veterans Emergency Management Evaluation Center (VEMEC)  North Hills California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle D.","family":"Balut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Veterans Emergency Management Evaluation Center (VEMEC)  North Hills California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Der\u2010Martirosian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Veterans Emergency Management Evaluation Center (VEMEC)  North Hills California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aram","family":"Dobalian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Veterans Emergency Management Evaluation Center (VEMEC)  North Hills California USA"},{"name":"Division of Health Systems Management and Policy, School of Public Health University of Memphis  Memphis Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment","author":"Balbus J.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","article-title":"Camp Fire death toll grows to 29, matching 1933 blaze as state's deadliest","author":"Baldassari E.","year":"2018","journal-title":"East Bay Times"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"Bay City News. (July 72018). \u201cNumber of Homeless Up in Sonoma County because of North Bay Fires\u201d ABC7 Newshttps:\/\/abc7news.com\/society\/number-of-homeless-up-in-sonoma-county-because-of-north-bay-fires\/3723947\/. 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Fidler C. &McRobb S. Integrating the Grounded Theory Method and Case Study Research Methodology Within IS Research: A Possible 'Road Map'(2008). International Conference on Information Systems 2008 Proceedings. 165.https:\/\/aisel.aisnet.org\/icis2008\/165\/. Accessed September 24 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764215591183"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/09653560710817039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","unstructured":"Karklis L. et al. \u201cMapping the Wildfires in Northern California's Wine Country.\u201dThe Washington Post 12 Oct.2017.www.washingtonpost.com\/graphics\/2017\/national\/northern-california-fires\/?utm_term=.65df21cc2ece"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-020-00483-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","unstructured":"Koren J. R.(December 32018).California plans takeover of property insurer overwhelmed by Camp Fire claims.The Los Angeles Times.https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/local\/lanow\/la-fi-merced-insurance-paradise-20181203-story.html. Accessed September 20 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15332985.2019.1700873"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","unstructured":"Laignee B. &Mahita G.(November 132018). \u201cCalifornia's Wildfires Have Become Bigger Deadlier and More Costly. Here's Why\u201d. Time.https:\/\/time.com\/4985252\/california-wildfires-fires-climate-change\/. Accessed September 11 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","unstructured":"Levine A.(December 32018).Supported by Continue reading the main story After a California Wildfire New and Old Homeless Populations Collide.New York Times.https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/12\/03\/us\/california-fire-homeless.html. 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Interview with Joshua Weil Mitch Saruwatari and Skip Skivington published by Technical Resources Assistance Center and Information Exchange Health and Human Services Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR TRACIE).https:\/\/files.asprtracie.hhs.gov\/documents\/aspr-tracie-the-last-stand-evacuating-a-hospital-in-the-middle-of-a-wildfire.pdf. Accessed September 11 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Grant and Per Diem Program\u2010 Homeless VeteransJuly 19 2018. Accessed July 19 2018 atwww.va.gov\/homeless\/gpd.asp"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Grant and Per Diem Program Inspection HandbookJune 30 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Homeless Programs Emergency Management (Draft). DistributedAugust2019. 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K.","year":"2009"}],"container-title":["Journal of Community Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcop.22653","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jcop.22653","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcop.22653","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T14:09:17Z","timestamp":1692454157000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcop.22653"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jcop.22653"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcop.22653","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JCOP.22653\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JCOP.22653\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JCOP.22653\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JCOP.22653\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JCOP.22653\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JCOP.22653\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0090-4392","1520-6629"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-4392","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-6629","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-11-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-06-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-07-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}