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This study included 59 homeless service users in Italy (29\u2009=\u2009HF; 30\u2009=\u2009TS). Recovery was assessed upon entering the study (T0) and after 10 months (T1). Results indicate that participants inserted in HF services were more likely to report stronger working alliances with social service providers at T0 that, in turn, was directly associated with higher levels of users' recovery at the beginning of the study and indirectly (through recovery at T0) with recovery at T1. 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