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Data were collected at two time points: Time 1 (T1) in September 2021 (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009992) when COVID\u201019 cases stabilized, and Time 2 (T2) in January 2023 (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009497) during a sudden outbreak of new infected cases. At T1, perceived community safety and sense of community directly affected depression, anxiety, and physical health symptoms, with sense of community partially mediating these effects. At T2, community factors at T1 continued to impact depression, anxiety, and physical health symptoms. Sense of community at T1 partially mediated the link between community safety at T1 and mental health at T2. Higher income and older age were associated with a stronger sense of community, better perceived community safety, and improved health. Policymakers should consider the impact of community factors on well\u2010being during health crises.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.70152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T18:55:36Z","timestamp":1791053736000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Community Factors on Mental and Physical Health During Successive Waves of COVID\u201019 Pandemic in China"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Gigi","family":"Lam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology Hong Kong Shue Yan University Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"Mrs Dorothy Koo and Dr Ti Hua Koo Centre for Interdisciplinary Evidence\u2010Based Practice and Research Hong Kong Shue Yan University Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine So\u2010Kum","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mrs Dorothy Koo and Dr Ti Hua Koo Centre for Interdisciplinary Evidence\u2010Based Practice and Research Hong Kong Shue Yan University Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"Department of Counselling and Psychology Hong Kong Shue Yan University Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4085-8779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiffany Sok","family":"U. 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