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However, under immunosuppressed conditions, the virus enters the lytic cycle and upon cytolytic destruction of glial cells, causes the fatal demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), named progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). In this short review, we discuss the molecular pathogenesis of PML by highlighting the role of the immune system in modulating JCV gene activation and replication, and the latency\/reactivation of this virus upon immunosuppression. Further, due to the higher incidence of PML among AIDS patients, we further elaborate on the cross\u2010talk between JCV and HIV\u20101 by direct and indirect pathways that lead to enhanced expression of the JCV genome. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.10096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,25]],"date-time":"2002-08-25T23:27:00Z","timestamp":1030318020000},"page":"249-256","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Molecular biology and immunoregulation of human neurotropic JC virus in CNS"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"191","author":[{"given":"Thersa M.","family":"Sweet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis 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