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Surgical removal of these glands (sialoadenectomy) alters the ability of the liver to regenerate after partial hepatectomy. We show here that 5 weeks after surgery, the liver of sialoadenectomized mice contained 40% fewer hepatocytes than the liver of sham\u2010operated mice. We did not obtain evidence of necrotic cell death after surgery. In contrast, sialoadenectomy transiently increased apoptotic hepatocyte death, as revealed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase(TdT)\u2010mediated dUTP nick\u2010end labeling (TUNEL) assay. DNA synthesis was determined in vivo by the incorporation of bromo\u2010deoxyuridine (BrdU) into hepatocyte nuclei. BrdU\u2010labeling progressively increased after sialoadenectomy. We conclude that sialoadenectomy induced a transient wave of apoptotic cell death followed by a rise in DNA synthesis but not by cell division. This reduced cell number but increased mean cell volume. In spite of these alterations in cellularity, the liver responded adequately to several stressful conditions, as judged by the lack of any differential effect of sialoadenectomy on liver glycogen and plasma glucose concentration after immobilization, aggressive encounter, or fasting. However, the liver of sialoadenectomized mice was more sensitive to the effect of a non\u2010lethal dose of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) combined with <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010galactosamine, as shown by the enhanced rise in plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, and liver myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities. All these results indicate that a submandibular salivary glands\u2013liver axis is involved in the maintenance of liver structure in mice. A disturbance of this axis induces an adaptive response that preserves the metabolic function of the liver but renders it more sensitive to bacterial endotoxins. J. Cell. Physiol. 198: 12\u201321, 2004\u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.10402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,24]],"date-time":"2003-10-24T09:10:11Z","timestamp":1066986611000},"page":"12-21","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Sialoadenectomy alters liver cell turn\u2010over and function in 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