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HTE cells cultured in serum\u2010free, vitamin A\u2010supplemented medium formed a simple cuboidal, ciliated monolayer and produced four simple epithelial keratins (7, 8,18, and 19). In contrast, vitamin A\u2010deficient HTE cells, which were squamous\u2010like and stratified in culture, produced a more complex keratin pattern, with the induction of four additional keratin species (5,6, 14, and 17). A keratin pair whose expression serves as a marker of stratified epithelia was induced, as well as a single keratin species unique to lesions of squamous metaplasia in vitamin A\u2010deficient hamster tracheal organ cultures. Thus it appears that HTE cells retain the ability to respond to a deficiency in vitamin A through squamous differentiation and increased keratin production when removed from the intact organ and maintained in primary culture in a chemically defined medium. This system may be useful for the study of mechanisms underlying the squamous differentiation of respiratory epithelial cells in the development of bronchogenic tumors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041420104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,26]],"date-time":"2005-02-26T09:44:06Z","timestamp":1109411046000},"page":"21-30","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Regulation of differentiation and keratin protein expression by vitamin A in primary cultures of hamster tracheal epithelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"142","author":[{"given":"Susan W.","family":"Edmondson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brooke T.","family":"Mossman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"162","volume-title":"Two\u2010Dimensional Electrophoresis: Operation of the Iso\u2010Dalt System","author":"Anderson L.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196108102650601"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"577","article-title":"The respiratory epithelium. 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