{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T17:34:22Z","timestamp":1760204062765},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,4]],"date-time":"2005-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4509,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal Cellular Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The role of calmodulin (CaM) in modulating calcium (Ca) uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of vascular smooth muscle was studied in saponin skinned strips of rat caudal artery. Exogenous CaM concentrations ranging 0.3\u20131.8 \u03bcM did not statistically change the steady state MgATP\u2010dependent Ca content, the MgATP\u2010independent Ca content, or the oxalate\u2010stimulated Ca influx. Calmidazolium (CDZ), W\u20107, and trifluoperazine (TFP) were used to examine the potential effect of an endogenous CaM pool on inward Ca transport. The IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of these antagonists for inhibiton of Ca\u2010CaM\u2010stimulated phosphodiesterase activity and Ca\u2010activated superprecipitiation of canine aortic actomyosin was measured and found to be be in the low micromolar range with a rank order of potency of inhibition of CDZ &gt; TFP &gt; W\u20107. In skinned tissues, micromolar concentrations of antagonists that inhibited CaM\u2010mediated reactions in isolated enzyme systems did not reduce Ca content or oxalate\u2010stimulated Ca influx. At higher concentration of 100\u2013200 \u03bcM, the MgATP\u2010dependent Ca content was significantly reduced by TFP and W\u20107 but not by CDZ. The order of potency for inhibition of Ca uptake was TFP &gt; W\u20107 &gt; CDZ. The MgATP\u2010independent Ca content was significantly decreased only by 200 \u03bcM TFP. Although none of these inhibitors significantly altered Ca efflux at concentrations up to 100 \u03bcM, Ca release was significantly stimulated by all three at 200 \u03bcM. The TFP\u2010stimulated Ca release was partially inhibited by ruthenium red. The results indicate that neither exogenous CaM nor an endogenous CaM pool directly modulates inward Ca transport by the SR of saponin skinned caudal artery. The inhibition of Ca uptake produced by hundred micromolar concentrations of CaM antagonists fails to correlate with the order of and with the potency of inhibition measured in isolated enzyme systems. This suggests that the inhibition of Ca uptake produced by high concentrations of these antagonists may be independent of a specific interaction with CaM. The activation of Ca release by high concentrations of CaM antagonists may involve a nonspecific increase in membrane permeability as well as modulation of a membrane Ca Chanel. \u00a9 1992 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041530121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,26]],"date-time":"2005-02-26T07:01:26Z","timestamp":1109401286000},"page":"169-175","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Calcium transport by sarcoplasmic reticulum of vascular smooth muscle: II. Effects of calmodulin and calmodulin inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"153","author":[{"given":"Marguerite A.","family":"Stout","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Silver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"7","volume-title":"Computational Handbook of Statistics","author":"Brunning J. L.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00581258"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5736","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)67657-X","article-title":"Fast efflux for Ca2+ mediated by the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2 \u2010ATPase","volume":"266","author":"de Meis L.","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Bio. 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