{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T16:27:38Z","timestamp":1776702458394,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,10]],"date-time":"2004-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1094774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal Cellular Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Endotoxin (i.e., lipopolysaccharide, LPS) impairs skeletal muscle protein synthesis. Although this impairment is not acutely associated with a decreased plasma concentration of total amino acids, LPS may blunt the anabolic response to amino acids. To examine this hypothesis, rats were injected intraperitoneally with LPS or saline (Sal) and 4 h thereafter were orally administered either leucine (Leu) or Sal. The gastrocnemius was removed 20 min later to assess signaling components important in the translational control of protein synthesis. In the Sal\u2010Leu group phosphorylation of 4E\u2010BP1 in muscle was markedly increased, compared to values from time\u2010matched saline\u2010treated control rats. This change was associated with a redistribution of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E from the inactive eIF4E\u2009\u00b7\u20094E\u2010BP1 complex to the active eIF4E\u2009\u00b7\u2009eIF4G complex. In LPS\u2010treated rats, the Leu\u2010induced phosphorylation of 4E\u2010BP1 and changes in eIF4E distribution were partially or completely abrogated. LPS also antagonized the Leu\u2010induced increase in phosphorylation of S6K1, ribosomal protein S6 and mTOR. Neither LPS nor leu altered the total amount or phosphorylation of TSC2 in muscle. The ability of LPS to blunt the anabolic effects of Leu could not be attributed to differences in the plasma concentrations of insulin or Leu between groups. Furthermore, the replacement of plasma insulin\u2010like growth factor (IGF)\u2010I in LPS\u2010treated rats to basal levels also did not ameliorate the defect in leucine\u2010induced phosphorylation of S6K1 or S6, although it did reverse the LPS\u2010induced decrease in the constitutive phosphorylation of mTOR, S6 and 4E\u2010BP1. Pretreatment with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU486 was unable to prevent the LPS\u2010induced leucine resistance. In contrast, to the abovementioned results with leucine, LPS did not prevent the ability of pharmacological levels of IGF\u2010I to phosphorylate 4E\u2010BP1, S6K1, mTOR or alter the availability of eIF4E. Hence, LPS working via a glucocorticoid\u2010independent mechanism produces a leucine resistance in skeletal muscle that might be expected to impair the ability of this amino acid to stimulate translation intiation and protein synthesis. \u00a9 2004 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.20207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,14]],"date-time":"2004-09-14T09:45:50Z","timestamp":1095155150000},"page":"144-155","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Endotoxin disrupts the leucine\u2010signaling pathway involving phosphorylation of mTOR, 4E\u2010BP1, and S6K1 in skeletal muscle"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"203","author":[{"given":"Charles H.","family":"Lang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Frost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/129.6.1102","article-title":"Leucine supplementation enhances skeletal muscle recovery in rats following exercise","volume":"129","author":"Anthony JC","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.10.2413"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00208.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"E180","article-title":"Increased protein synthesis after acute IGF\u2010I or insulin infusion is localized to muscle in mice","volume":"275","author":"Bark TH","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108201"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M205838200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1999.4683"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)75938-9","article-title":"Regulated phosphorylation and low abundance of HeLa cell initiation factor 4F suggest a role in translational control. 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