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This study reports for the first time purification of a forward motility stimulating protein (FMSF\u2010I), to apparent homogeneity, from a biological fluid (buffalo blood serum) and its characterization. FMSF\u2010I is the major motility protein of buffalo serum: a rich source of the factor. FMSF showed high protein specificity and affinity for activating forward motility of goat cauda epididymal spermatozoa. The motility promoter at 0.5 \u00b5M level showed maximal activity when nearly 60%\u201370% of spermatozoa expressed forward motility. It is a 66 kDa monomeric acidic protein rich in aspartate, glutamate, and leucine with isoelectric point of 3.7. FMSF: a Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010dependent protein binds to concanavalin A\u2010agarose and the glycoprotein nature of FMSF has been confirmed by PAS staining. The factor lost activity completely when treated with \u03b1\u2010mannosidase showing that the sugar part of the protein is essential for its biological activity. FMSF has no species specificity for its motility\u2010activating potential. Sperm surface has specific receptors of FMSF, which is strongly immunogenic. The factor is present in testis and epididymis although liver is its richest source. Motility promoting efficacy of FMSF is markedly higher than the well\u2010known non\u2010protein motility activators: theophylline and bicarbonate or their combination. FMSF is a physiological activator of sperm motility and as a slaughterhouse byproduct it has potentiality for solving some of the problems of animal breeding, conservation of endangered species, and human infertility: a global social problem. J. Cell. Physiol. 209: 353\u2013362, 2006. \u00a9 2006 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.20734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,2]],"date-time":"2006-08-02T18:21:12Z","timestamp":1154542872000},"page":"353-362","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Identification and characterization of a sperm motility promoting glycoprotein from buffalo blood serum"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"209","author":[{"given":"Mahitosh","family":"Mandal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudipta","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil Kumar","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gopal Chandra","family":"Majumder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00893a021"},{"issue":"19","key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6744","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)37981-4","article-title":"Bovine sperm forward motility protein: Partial purification and characterization","volume":"253","author":"Acott TS","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/RD01027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0430363"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-2697(76)80064-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(85)90030-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod35.4.1065"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Effect of deep freezing techniques on the preservation of buffalo and bovine semen for long periods at \u2212196\u00b0C","volume":"52","author":"EI\u2010Kafrawi SS","year":"1974","journal-title":"Agric Res Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0350355"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"251","article-title":"The regulation of spermatozoa by calcium cyclic nucleotides","volume":"13","author":"Garbers DL","year":"1980","journal-title":"Adv Cyclic Nucleotide Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"133","article-title":"Further studies on the fertility\u2010promoting factor from human seminal plasma","volume":"20","author":"Gaur RD","year":"1975","journal-title":"Int J Fertil"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0378(01)00095-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"2534","article-title":"Initiation of sperm motility in the mammalian epididymis","volume":"37","author":"Hoskins DD","year":"1978","journal-title":"Fed Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/o96-072"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.1996.tb00443.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/R98003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/rnd:19801001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2007.00901.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"591","article-title":"Purification of a sperm motility stimulator from porcine follicular fluid","volume":"101","author":"Lee SL","year":"1992","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(94)90381-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.20060"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","first-page":"99","article-title":"A glycoprotein factor in buffalo seminal plasma inhibits sperm forward motility","volume":"3","author":"Majumder GC","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol Androl"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","unstructured":"MajumderGC MandalM BanerjeeS.2001b. 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