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There has been much effort expended in gaining an understanding of the stimuli which promote these responses, and in identifying the intracellular signaling pathways which are activated and potentially involved. These signaling pathways presumably modulate gene and protein expression to elicit the end\u2010stage response. For the regulation of gene expression, the signal may traverse the cytoplasm to modulate nuclear\u2010localized transcription factors as occurs with the mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase or protein kinase B\/Akt cascades. Alternatively, the signal may promote translocation of transcription factors from the cytoplasm to the nucleus as is seen with the calcineurin\/NFAT and JAK\/STAT systems. We present an overview of the principal signaling pathways implicated in the regulation of gene expression in cardiac myocyte pathophysiology, and summarize the current understanding of these pathways, the transcription factors they regulate and the changes in gene expression associated with the development of cardiac pathologies. Finally, we discuss how intracellular signaling and gene expression may be integrated to elicit the overall change in cellular phenotype. J. Cell. Physiol. 212: 311\u2013322, 2007. \u00a9 2007 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,20]],"date-time":"2007-04-20T15:36:23Z","timestamp":1177083383000},"page":"311-322","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":140,"title":["Signaling pathways mediating cardiac myocyte gene expression in physiological and stress responses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"212","author":[{"given":"Angela","family":"Clerk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy E.","family":"Cullingford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Fuller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Giraldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomais","family":"Markou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sampsa","family":"Pikkarainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter H.","family":"Sugden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119709"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000072977.86706.23"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.231619298"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112355200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000197782.21444.8f"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20021641"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.50.29710"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000038488.38975.1A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hh1001.090858"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-6-75"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.28.19762"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(98)00324-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.142.2.523"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3330581"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20021083"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7258(02)00339-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advenzreg.2003.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2005.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ClerkA KempTJ ZoumpoulidouG SugdenPH.2007.Cardiac myocyte gene expression profiling during H2O2\u2010induced apoptosis. 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