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We tested the effectiveness of allogenic bone marrow\u2010derived MSCs in reduction of stenosis in a model of rat carotid arteriotomy. MSCs were expanded in vitro retaining their proliferative and differentiation potentiality. MSCs were able to differentiate into adipocyte and osteocyte mesenchymal lineage cells, retained specific antigens CD73, CD90, and CD105, expressed smooth muscle alpha\u2010actin, were mainly in proliferative phase of cell cycle and showed limited senescence. WKY rats were submitted to carotid arteriotomy and to venous administration with 5\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> MSCs. MSCs in vivo homed in injured carotids since 3 days after arteriotomy but not in contralateral uninjured carotids. Lumen area in MSC\u2010treated carotids was 36% greater than in control arteries (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.016) and inward remodeling was limited in MSC\u2010treated carotids (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.030) 30 days after arteriotomy. MSC treatment affected the expression level of inflammation\u2010related genes, inducing a decrease of IL\u20101\u03b2 and Mcp\u20101 and an increase of TGF\u2010\u03b2 in injured carotids at 3 and 7 days after arteriotomy (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Taken together, these results indicate that allogenic MSC administration limits stenosis in injured rat carotids and plays a local immunomodulatory action. J. Cell. Physiol. 217: 789\u2013799, 2008. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,8]],"date-time":"2008-08-08T14:57:14Z","timestamp":1218207434000},"page":"789-799","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Mesenchymal stem cells effectively reduce surgically induced stenosis in rat 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