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Its possible involvement in male gametogenesis has been mentioned but not clarified yet; in particular, it has been suggested that, in non\u2010mammalian vertebrates, it could play a role during GC meiosis and differentiation. In the present work we investigated the possible association between PTMA and meiotic and post\u2010meiotic phases of mammalian spermatogenesis. Three different time points during postnatal development of rat testis were analyzed, that is, 27\u2009dpp (completed meiosis), 35\u2009dpp (occurring spermiogenesis), and 60\u2009dpp (first wave of spermatogenesis definitely ended). RT\u2010PCR and Western blot analyses showed that the expression levels of both <jats:italic>Ptma<\/jats:italic> mRNA and corresponding protein decrease in total extracts from 27 to 60\u2009dpp. The in situ hybridization localized the transcript in interstitial Leydig cells, peritubular myoid cells and, inside the tubules, in germ cells from pachytene spermatocytes to newly formed haploid spermatids. The immunohistochemistry analysis localized the protein in the same cell types at 27\u2009dpp, while at 35 and 60\u2009dpp the haploid cells remain the only germ cells that still express it. In particular, PTMA specific localization in the heads of spermatids and epididymal spermatozoa, associated with the acrosome system, supports for the first time the hypothesis of a direct function in male germ cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 224: 362\u2013368, 2010. \u00a9 2010 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.22131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,30]],"date-time":"2010-03-30T15:59:45Z","timestamp":1269964785000},"page":"362-368","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Expression of prothymosin alpha in meiotic and post\u2010meiotic germ cells during the first wave of rat 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