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AV shunt produced a greater degree of cardiac hypertrophy and larger increase in cardiac output in male than in female animals. Increases in plasma levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine (EPI) due to AV shunt were also higher in male than females. While no difference in the \u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010AR affinity was seen in males and females, AV shunt induced increase in \u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010AR density in female rats was higher than that in males. Furthermore, no changes in basal adenylyl cyclase (AC) V\/VI mRNA levels were seen; however, the increase in EPI\u2010stimulated AC activities was greater in AV shunt females than in males. AV shunt decreased myocardial \u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010AR mRNA level in male rats and increased \u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010AR mRNA level in female hearts; an increase in G<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>\u2010protein mRNA was detected only in male hearts. Although GRK2 gene expression was increased in both sexes, an increase in GRK3 mRNA was seen only in AV shunt female rats. \u03b2\u2010arrestin1 mRNA was elevated in females whereas \u03b2\u2010arrestin 2 gene expression was increased in both male and female AV shunt rats. While these data demonstrate gender associated differences in various components of the \u03b2\u2010AR system in cardiac hypertrophy due to AV shunt, only higher levels of plasma catecholamines may account for the greater increase in cardiac output and higher degree of cardiac hypertrophy in males. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 181\u2013186, 2010. \u00a9 2010 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.22321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,30]],"date-time":"2010-07-30T15:01:51Z","timestamp":1280502111000},"page":"181-186","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Gender differences in \u03b2\u2010adrenoceptor system in cardiac hypertrophy due to arteriovenous fistula"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"226","author":[{"given":"Melissa R.","family":"Dent","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paramjit S.","family":"Tappia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naranjan 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