{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:59:45Z","timestamp":1792000785799,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,23]],"date-time":"2011-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1322006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal Cellular Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and cellular debris is a critical process of maintaining tissue and immune homeostasis. Defects in the phagocytosis process cause autoimmunity and degenerative diseases. Phagocytosis ligands or \u201ceat\u2010me\u201d signals control the initiation of the process by linking apoptotic cells to receptors on phagocyte surface and triggering signaling cascades for cargo engulfment. Eat\u2010me signals are traditionally identified on a case\u2010by\u2010case basis with challenges, and the identification of their cognate receptors is equally daunting. Here, we identified galectin\u20103 (Gal\u20103) as a new MerTK ligand by an advanced dual functional cloning strategy, in which phagocytosis\u2010based functional cloning is combined with receptor\u2010based affinity cloning to directly identify receptor\u2010specific eat\u2010me signal. Gal\u20103 interaction with MerTK was independently verified by co\u2010immunoprecipitation. Functional analyses showed that Gal\u20103 stimulated the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and cellular debris by macrophages and retinal pigment epithelial cells with MerTK activation and autophosphorylation. The Gal\u20103\u2010mediated phagocytosis was blocked by excessive soluble MerTK extracellular domain and lactose. These results suggest that Gal\u20103 is a legitimate MerTK\u2010specific eat\u2010me signal. The strategy of dual functional cloning with applicability to other phagocytic receptors will facilitate unbiased identification of their unknown ligands and improve our capacity for therapeutic modulation of phagocytic activity and innate immune response. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 401\u2013407, 2012. \u00a9 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.22955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,26]],"date-time":"2011-07-26T13:50:39Z","timestamp":1311688239000},"page":"401-407","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":173,"title":["Galectin\u20103 is a new MerTK\u2010specific eat\u2010me signal"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"227","author":[{"given":"Nora 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