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In patients with macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion, intraocular IL\u201018 levels increased significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) after treatment with ranibizumab particularly in patients with high baseline IL\u201018 which correlated with good visual outcome (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In mice with ischemic retinopathy, suppression of VEGF caused an increase in <jats:italic>IL18<\/jats:italic> mRNA due to an increase in IL\u201018\u2010positive myeloid cells. VEGF significantly and specifically inhibited IL\u201018 production by myeloid cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Intraocular injection of IL\u201018 reduced VEGF\u2010induced leakage and neovascularization, and reversed VEGF\u2010induced suppression of <jats:italic>Claudin5<\/jats:italic> expression and Claudin 5 labeling of vascular tight junctions. Injection of IL\u201018 also increased expression of Thrombospondin 1 and reduced ischemia\u2010induced retinal neovascularization relevant to diabetic retinopathy and subretinal neovascularization relevant to neovascular age\u2010related macular degeneration. Thus, VEGF and IL\u201018 suppress each other's production and effects on the vasculature suggesting that IL\u201018 may provide benefit in multiple retinal\/choroidal vascular diseases. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 974\u2013983, 2014. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.24575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,11]],"date-time":"2014-02-11T05:23:59Z","timestamp":1392096239000},"page":"974-983","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Interleukin\u201018 Has Antipermeablity and Antiangiogenic Activities in the Eye: Reciprocal Suppression With VEGF"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"229","author":[{"given":"Jikui","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David F.","family":"Choy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Tissue Growth, and Repair Diagnostic Discovery Group Genentech, Inc. 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