{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T06:59:34Z","timestamp":1780383574004,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,30]],"date-time":"2016-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal Cellular Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>We hypothesized that inflammatory events and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production may be differentially expressed in respiratory and limb muscles, and blood of a chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) experimental model and that antioxidants and TNF\u2010alpha blockade may influence those events. In blood, diaphragm, and gastrocnemius of rats non\u2010invasively exposed to CIH (10% hypoxia, 2\u2009h\/day, 14 consecutive days) with\/without concomitant treatment with either anti\u2010TNF\u2010alpha antibody (infliximab) or N\u2010acetyl cysteine (NAC), inflammatory cytokines, superoxide anion production, muscle structural abnormalities, and fiber\u2010type composition were assessed. Compared to non\u2010exposed controls, in CIH\u2010exposed rats, body weight gain was reduced, TNF\u2010alpha, IL\u20101beta, IL\u20106, and interferon\u2010gamma levels were increased in diaphragm, TNF\u2010alpha, and IL\u20101 beta plasma levels were greater, systemic and muscle superoxide anion production was higher, diaphragm and gastrocnemius inflammatory cells and internal nuclei were higher, and muscle fiber\u2010type and morphometry remained unmodified. CIH rats treated with infliximab further increased TNF\u2010alpha, IL\u20101beta, IL\u20106, and interferon\u2010gamma diaphragm levels, whereas NAC induced a reduction only in TNF\u2010alpha and IL\u20101beta levels in diaphragm and plasma. Infliximab and NAC elicited a significant decline in superoxide anion production in diaphragm, gastrocnemius, and plasma, while inducing a further increase in inflammatory cells and internal nuclei in both muscles. Proinflammatory cytokines are differentially expressed in respiratory and limb muscles and plasma of CIH\u2010exposed rats, while superoxide anion production increased in both muscle types and blood. Infliximab and NAC exerted different effects. These findings may help understand the biology underlying CIH in skeletal muscles and blood of patients with chronic respiratory diseases. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1165\u20131175, 2017. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.25600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,16]],"date-time":"2016-09-16T22:02:51Z","timestamp":1474063371000},"page":"1165-1175","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Inflammatory Events and Oxidant Production in the Diaphragm, Gastrocnemius, and Blood of Rats Exposed to Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia: Therapeutic Strategies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"232","author":[{"given":"Marisol","family":"Dom\u00ednguez\u2010\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine\u2010Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer IMIM\u2010Hospital del Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS) Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Instituto de 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