{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T12:25:05Z","timestamp":1769689505438,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,4]],"date-time":"2017-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1499126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal Cellular Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>This review is concerned with cardiac malfunction as a result of an imbalance in protein proteostasis, the homeostatic balance between protein removal and regeneration in a long remodeling process involving the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the unfolded protein response (UPR). The importance of this is of special significance with regard to cardiac function as a high energy requiring muscular organ that has a high oxygen requirement and is highly dependent on mitochondria. The importance of mitochondria is not only concerned with high energy dependence on mitochondrial electron transport, but it also has a role in the signaling between the mitochondria and the ER under stress. Proteins made in the ER are folded as a result of sulfhydryl groups (\u2212SH) and attractive and repulsive reactions in the tertiary structure. We discuss how this matters with respect to an imbalance between muscle breakdown and repair in a stressful environment, especially as a result of oxidative and nitrosative byproducts of mitochondrial activity. The normal repair is a remodeling, but under this circumstance, the cell undergoes or even lysosomal \u201cself eating\u201d autophagy, or even necrosis instead of apoptosis. We shall discuss the relationship of the UPR pathway to chronic congestive heart failure (CHF).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,11]],"date-time":"2017-05-11T17:23:51Z","timestamp":1494523431000},"page":"2863-2870","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["What role does the stress response have in congestive heart failure?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"233","author":[{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Badreddin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Beni\u2010Suef University Faculty of Medicine Beni\u2010Suef Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youssef","family":"Fady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery Cardiac Surgery Center Sultan Qaboos Hospital Salalah, Dhofar, Sultanate of Oman Salalah Oman"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamdy","family":"Attia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kasr Al'Ainy Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Hafez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kasr Al'Ainy Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Khairallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Division, Department of Pharmacology National Research Centre, Dokki Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0866-9959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dina","family":"Johar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Women for Arts, Sciences, and Education, Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition Ain Shams University Heliopolis, Cairo Egypt"},{"name":"Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady College of Medicine University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larry","family":"Bernstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Triplex Consulting Northampton Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1391.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.89.2.150"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M709776200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.21.122303.120200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.69.7.1761"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00056.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0712224105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E16-01-0039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.113.000274"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200524408"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2013.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2005.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehj.2003.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.10.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-4441-5_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpcardio1364"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2015.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs191"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"1051","article-title":"Upregulation of autophagy genes and the unfolded protein response in human heart failure","volume":"10","author":"Jensen B. 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