{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T02:59:48Z","timestamp":1777604388233,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,24]],"date-time":"2017-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1500854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004740","name":"Fondazione del Monte di Bologna e Ravenna","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004740","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal Cellular Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>One of the methods employed to improve healing of damaged tissues is the use of cellular based therapies. A number of regenerative medicine based strategies, from in vitro expanded mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to \u201cone\u2010step\u201d procedures using bone marrow (BM) in toto (BM aspirate; BMA) or BM concentrate (BMC), have been developed. Recently, orthopedic researchers focused their attention on the clinical therapeutic potential of BMC and BMA for musculoskeletal regeneration. BMA is reported as an excellent source of cells and growth factors. However, the quality of BM harvest and aspirate is extremely technique\u2010dependent and, due to the presence of megakaryocytes and platelets, BMA is prone to clot. BMA clot formation is usually considered a complication hampering the procedures on both BMC preparation and MSC expansion. Therefore, different protocols have been developed to avoid and\/or degrade clots. However, from a biological point of view there is a strong rationale for the use of BMA clot for tissue engineering strategies. This descriptive systematic literature review summarizes preclinical and clinical studies dealing the use of BMA clot for orthopedic procedures and provided some evidence supporting its use as a cell based therapy for cartilage and bone regeneration. Despite these results, there are still few preclinical and clinical studies that carefully evaluate the safety and efficacy of BMA clot in orthopedic procedures. Thus, implementing biological knowledge and both preclinical and clinical studies could help researchers and clinicians to understand if BMA clots can really be considered a possible therapeutic tool.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]],"date-time":"2017-06-22T10:36:40Z","timestamp":1498127800000},"page":"2723-2732","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Bone marrow aspirate clot: A technical complication or a smart approach for musculoskeletal tissue regeneration?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"233","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7402-4054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Salamanna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biocompatibility, Technological Innovation and Advanced Therapy, Rizzoli RIT Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8611-5794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deyanira","family":"Contartese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicol\u00f2","family":"Nicoli Aldini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Barbanti Brodano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncological and Degenerative Spine Surgery Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristiana","family":"Griffoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncological and Degenerative Spine Surgery Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Gasbarrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncological and Degenerative Spine Surgery Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milena","family":"Fini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biocompatibility, Technological Innovation and Advanced Therapy, Rizzoli RIT Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2009.01128.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/term.1734"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14653249.2011.651533"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.25732"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.01284"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2010.16"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"557","article-title":"Ex vivo expansion and subsequent infusion of human bone marrow\u2010derived stromal progenitor cells (mesenchymal progenitor cells): Implications for therapeutic use","volume":"16","author":"Lazarus H. 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