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Hyperphosphatemia associated with CKD is a strong stimulator of vascular calcification but the molecular mechanisms regulating this process remain not fully understood. We showed that calcification was induced after exposing Sprague\u2010Dawley rat aortic explants to high inorganic phosphate level (P<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>, 6\u2009mM) as examined by Alizarin red and Von Kossa staining. This calcification was associated with high Tissue\u2010Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase (TNAP) activity, vascular smooth muscle cells de\u2010differentiation, manifested by downregulation of smooth muscle 22 alpha (SM22\u03b1) protein expression which was assessed by immunoblot analysis, immunofluorescence, and trans\u2010differentiation into osteo\u2010chondrocyte\u2010like cells revealed by upregulation of Runt related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), TNAP, osteocalcin, and osteopontin mRNA levels which were determined by quantitative real\u2010time PCR. To unravel the possible mechanism(s) involved in this process, microRNA (miR) expression profile, which was assessed using TLDA technique and thereafter confirmed by individual qRT\u2010PCR, revealed differential expression 10 miRs, five at day 3 and 5 at day 6 post P<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub> treatment versus control untreated aortas. At day 3, miR\u2010200c, \u2010155, 322 were upregulated and miR\u2010708 and 331 were downregulated. After 6 days of treatment, miR\u2010328, \u2010546, \u2010301a were upregulated while miR\u2010409 and miR\u2010542 were downregulated. Our results indicate that high P<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub> levels trigger aortic calcification and modulation of certain miRs. These observations suggest that mechanisms regulating aortic calcification might involve miRs, which warrant further investigations in future studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,4]],"date-time":"2017-08-04T10:41:10Z","timestamp":1501843270000},"page":"4056-4067","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Characterization and assessment of potential microRNAs involved in phosphate\u2010induced aortic calcification"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"233","author":[{"given":"Maya","family":"Fakhry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I Lebanese University Hadath Beirut Lebanon"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS), UMR CNRS 5246 University of Lyon 1, B\u00e2timent Raulin Villeurbanne Cedex 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