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The aim of this study was to compare the effects of monophasic and biphasic, anodal, and cathodal ES on apoptosis, proliferation, and mitochondrial dynamics in neuroblastoma SH\u2010SY5Y cells. Cells were cultured and treated with ES. Alamar blue assay was performed to measure cell proliferation. The proteins expression of apoptotic\u2010related proteins Bcl\u20102 associated X (Bax), B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl\u20102), optic\u2010atrophy\u20101 (OPA1), mitofusin2 (Mfn2), phosphorylated dynamin\u2010related protein 1 at serine 616 (p\u2010DRP1), and total dynamin\u2010related protein 1 (Total\u2010DRP1) were also determined. The results showed that monophasic anodal and biphasic anodal\/cathodal (Bi Anod) ES for 1\u2009hr at 125 pulses per minute (2.0\u2009Hz) produced the most significant increase in cell proliferation. In addition, monophasic anodal and Bi Anod ES treated cells displayed a significant increase in the levels of anti\u2010apoptotic protein Bcl\u20102, whereas the Bax levels were not changed. Moreover, the levels of Mfn2 were increased in the cells treated by Bi Anod, and OPA1 was increased by monophasic anodal and Bi Anod ES, indicating increased mitochondrial fusion in these ES\u2010treated cells. However, the levels of mitochondrial fission indicated by DRP1 remained unchanged compared with non\u2010stimulated cells. These findings were confirmed through visualization of mitochondria using Mitotracker Deep Red, demonstrating that monophasic anodal and Bi Anod ES could induce pro\u2010survival effects in SH\u2010SY5Y cells through increasing cell proliferation and mitochondrial fusion. Future research is needed to validate these findings for the clinical application of monophasic anodal and Bi Anod ES.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]],"date-time":"2018-08-07T02:56:17Z","timestamp":1533610577000},"page":"816-824","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Effects of biphasic and monophasic electrical stimulation on mitochondrial dynamics, cell apoptosis, and cell proliferation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"234","author":[{"given":"Maria R.","family":"Love","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand"},{"name":"Faculty of Biological Sciences The University of Manchester Manchester United 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