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However, severe shortage of donor islets\u2013pancreas impeded the growth, and made researchers to search for an alternative treatment approaches. In this context, recently, stem cell\u2013based therapy has gained more attention. The current study demonstrated that epigenetic modification improves the in vitro differentiation of Wharton\u2019s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) into pancreatic endocrine\u2010like cells. Here we used two histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors namely trichostatin A (TSA) and TMP269. TSA inhibits both class I and II HDACs whereas TMP269 inhibits only class IIa HDACs. WJMSCs were differentiated using a multistep protocol in a serum\u2010free condition with or without TSA pretreatment. A marginal improvement in differentiation was observed after TSA pretreatment though it was not significant. However, exposing endocrine precursor\u2010like cells derived from WJMSCs to TMP269 alone has significantly improved the differentiation toward insulin\u2010producing cells. Further, increase in the expression of paired box 4 (PAX4), insulin, somatostatin, glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), MAF bZIP transcription factor A (MAFA), pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX\u20101), and NKX6.1 was observed both at messenger RNA and protein levels. Nevertheless, TMP269\u2010treated cells secreted higher insulin upon glucose challenge, and demonstrated increased dithizone staining. These findings suggest that TMP269 may improve the in vitro differentiation of WJMSCs into insulin\u2010producing cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,21]],"date-time":"2018-10-21T15:30:01Z","timestamp":1540135801000},"page":"3933-3947","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Pancreatic endocrine\u2010like cells differentiated from human umbilical cords Wharton\u2019s jelly mesenchymal stem cells using small molecules"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"234","author":[{"given":"Sharath","family":"Belame Shivakumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Jinju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dinesh","family":"Bharti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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