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Detailed characterization of these cells is lacking, thus compromising their full potential. Here we present the detailed characterization of the ex vivo expansion of synovium\u2010derived stromal cells collected by three different biopsy methods: synovium\u2010direct biopsy, arthroscopic trocar shaver blade filtrate, and cells isolated from synovial fluid (SF) samples. Isolation success rates were &gt;75% for all sources. MSC obtained from the different samples displayed the characteristic immunophenotype of adult MSC, expressing CD73, CD90, and CD105. Arthroscopic shaver blade\u2010derived cells showed the higher proliferation capacity measured by the fold increase (FI) in total cell number over several passages and considering their cumulative population doublings (CPD; 15\u2009\u00b1\u20090.85 vs. 13\u2009\u00b1\u20090.73 for synovium vs. 11\u2009\u00b1\u20090.97 for SF). Also, these cells were able to sustain an increased proliferation under hypoxic (2% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) conditions (FI 55\u2009\u00b1\u20094 vs. 37\u2009\u00b1\u20097) after 17 days in culture. Expanded cells were able to differentiate successfully along the osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages in vitro. Overall, these results demonstrate that synovial tissues represent a promising source for the isolation of human MSC, while depicting the variability associated to the biopsy method used, which impact cell behavior in vitro.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,28]],"date-time":"2018-08-28T05:27:02Z","timestamp":1535434022000},"page":"3973-3984","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Successful isolation and ex vivo expansion of human mesenchymal stem\/stromal cells obtained from different synovial tissue\u2010derived (biopsy) samples"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"234","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7401-0039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago","family":"Ferro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering and iBB\u2010Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal"},{"name":"CEDOC Chronic Diseases FCM NOVA|NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aruna","family":"Santhagunam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering and iBB\u2010Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5053-9421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina","family":"Madeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering and iBB\u2010Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal"},{"name":"CEDOC Chronic Diseases FCM NOVA|NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o B.","family":"Salgueiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental (CHLO)\u2014Hospital S. Francisco Xavier Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1091-7651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udia L.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering and iBB\u2010Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal"},{"name":"The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2405-5845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaquim M. S.","family":"Cabral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering and iBB\u2010Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal"},{"name":"The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2009.00859.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.85B2.13543"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2012.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14653249.2011.652809"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/term.56"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-16555-9_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2121-7-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-012-9418-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2007.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2014.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Charalambous C. 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