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In the current study, a novel drug delivery system based nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were designed to treat corneal alkaline burn injury. Rapamycin, a potent inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, was loaded in NLCs (rapa\u2010NLCs), and the NLCs were characterized. Cell viability assay, cellular uptake of NLCs, and in vitro evaluation of the fibrotic\/angiogenic genes suppression by rapa\u2010NLCs were carried out on human isolated corneal fibroblasts. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays\u00a0were also performed after treatment of murine model of corneal alkaline burn with rapa\u2010NLCs. According to the results, rapamycin was efficiently loaded in NLCs. NLCs could enhance coumarin\u20106 fibroblast uptake by 1.5 times. Rapa\u2010NLCs efficiently downregulated platelet\u2010derived growth factor and transforming growth factor beta genes in vitro. Furthermore, proliferation of fibroblasts, a major cause of corneal haze after injury, reduced. IHC staining of treated cornea with alpha\u2010smooth muscle actin and CD34\n<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> antibodies showed efficient prevention of myofibroblasts differentiation and angiogenesis, respectively. In conclusion, ocular delivery of rapamycin using NLCs after corneal injury may be considered as a promising antifibrotic\/angiogenic treatment approach to preserve patient eyesight.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,7]],"date-time":"2018-09-07T14:09:45Z","timestamp":1536329385000},"page":"4702-4712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Nanostructured lipid carriers containing rapamycin for prevention of corneal fibroblasts proliferation and haze propagation after burn injuries: In vitro and in vivo"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"234","author":[{"given":"Forouhe","family":"Zahir\u2010Jouzdani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Khonsari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masoud","family":"Soleimani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bonyakhteh Stem Cell Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Biology Department Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirgholamreza","family":"Mahbod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Noor Ophthalmology Research Center Pathology Department, Noor Eye Hospital Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ehsan","family":"Arefian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bonyakhteh Stem Cell Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Biology Department Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology School of Biology College of Science University of Tehran Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Heydari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Shahhosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Noor Ophthalmology Research Center Pathology Department, Noor Eye Hospital Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rassoul","family":"Dinarvand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Nanotechnology Research Centre Novel Drug Delivery Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9421-8750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Atyabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Nanotechnology Research Centre Novel Drug Delivery Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13471"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.24997"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advms.2015.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb6020277"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA26164C"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-014-0244-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2012.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.02.005"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_1_10_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"Species differences in sirolimus stability in humans, rabbits, and rats","volume":"26","author":"Ferron G. 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