{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T17:13:28Z","timestamp":1792084408163,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,20]],"date-time":"2018-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Cellular Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alkaptonuria (AKU) is a disease caused by a deficient homogentisate 1,2\u2010dioxygenase activity leading to systemic accumulation of homogentisic acid (HGA), that forms a melanin\u2010like polymer that progressively deposits onto connective tissues causing a pigmentation called \u201cochronosis\u201d and tissue degeneration. The effects of AKU and ochronotic pigment on the biomechanical properties of articular cartilage need further investigation. To this aim, AKU cartilage was studied using thermal (thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry) and rheological analysis. We found that AKU cartilage had a doubled mesopore radius compared to healthy cartilage. Since the mesoporous structure is the main responsible for maintaining a correct hydrostatic pressure and tissue homoeostasis, drastic changes of thermal and rheological parameters were found in AKU. In particular, AKU tissue lost its capability to enhance chondrocytes metabolism (decreased heat capacity) and hence the production of proteoglycans. A drastic increase in stiffness and decrease in dissipative and lubricant role ensued in AKU cartilage. Multiphoton and scanning electron microscopies revealed destruction of cell\u2013matrix microstructure and disruption of the superficial layer. Such observations on AKU specimens were confirmed in HGA\u2010treated healthy cartilage, indicating that HGA is the toxic responsible of morphological and mechanical alterations of cartilage in AKU.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,20]],"date-time":"2018-10-20T10:54:23Z","timestamp":1540032863000},"page":"6696-6708","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Homogentisic acid induces morphological and mechanical aberration of ochronotic cartilage in alkaptonuria"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"234","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0016-0728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Bernardini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Siena Siena 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