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Therefore, a study of the mechanism regulating \u03b1\u2010SMA expression is a means to understanding the mechanism of fibroblast differentiation and cardiac fibrosis. Previous studies have shown that DNA methylation is associated with gene expression and is related to the development of tissue fibrosis. However, the mechanisms by which CF differentiation is regulated by DNA methylation remain unclear. Here, we explored the epigenetic regulation of \u03b1\u2010SMA expression and its relevance in CF differentiation. In this study, we demonstrated that \u03b1\u2010SMA was overexpressed and DNMT1 expression was downregulated in the infarct area after myocardial infarction. Treatment of CFs with transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    (TGF\u2010\u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) in vitro upregulated \u03b1\u2010SMA expression via epigenetic modifications. TGF\u2010\u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    also inhibited DNMT1 expression and activity during CF differentiation. In addition, \u03b1\u2010SMA expression was regulated by DNMT1. Conversely, increasing DNMT1 expression levels rescued the TGF\u2010\u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010induced upregulation of \u03b1\u2010SMA expression. Finally, TGF\u2010\u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    regulated \u03b1\u2010SMA expression by inhibiting the DNMT1\u2010mediated DNA methylation of the \u03b1\u2010SMA promoter. Taken together, our research showed that inhibition of the DNMT1\u2010mediated DNA methylation of the \u03b1\u2010SMA promoter plays an essential role in CF differentiation. In addition, DNMT1 may be a new target for the prevention and treatment of myocardial fibrosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,26]],"date-time":"2018-10-26T07:20:44Z","timestamp":1540538444000},"page":"7174-7185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["DNA methylation regulates \u03b1\u2010smooth muscle actin expression during cardiac fibroblast differentiation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"234","author":[{"given":"Yanru","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University Nanjing China"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunkai","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, 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