{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T03:31:47Z","timestamp":1790047907700,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,26]],"date-time":"2018-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Cellular Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer\u2010related deaths in the world. Sorafenib is the first\u2010line treatment of HCC. Although sorafenib has positive effects on the survival of patients, novel therapeutic strategies are needed to extend survival and improve the efficacy of sorafenib. This study combines sorafenib with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a new approach to enhance the efficacy of sorafenib.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A subcutaneous xenograft model of HCC, established by human HepG2 cell lines, was implanted into the flank of nude mice\u00a0and was used to evaluate tumor growth after treatment with sorafenib alone or in combination with MSCs. The aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine levels were measured for safety assessment. Histopathological studies were performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistochemistry tests were performed to evaluate proliferation (Ki67) and angiogenesis (CD34). The TUNEL assay was used to detect apoptosis and measure the expression of major inflammatory cytokines (IL\u20101a, IL\u201010, and TNF\u2010\u03b1) with real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sorafenib, in combination with MSCs, strongly inhibited tumor growth in the xenograft model. Furthermore, the combination therapy significantly inhibited HCC cell proliferation, decreased tumor angiogenesis, and induced apoptosis and maintained antitumor\u2010associated anti\u2010inflammatory effects of MSCs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This combination therapy strategy could be used as a new therapeutic approach to the treatment of HCC that significantly improves upon the results achieved using sorafenib as monotherapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27637","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,26]],"date-time":"2018-10-26T11:12:38Z","timestamp":1540552358000},"page":"9495-9503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Combination therapy of sorafenib with mesenchymal stem cells as a novel cancer treatment regimen in xenograft models of hepatocellular 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