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Misfolded\/unfolded proteins in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) induce the compensatory unfolded protein response (UPR). Expression of ER stress and UPR markers may be differentially upregulated in vastus lateralis (VL) of patients with respiratory sarcopenia associated with either a chronic condition (COPD) or subacute (LC)\u2010cachexia. In VL specimens from 40 COPD patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200921, sarcopenic, fat\u2010free mass index [FFMI] 16\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> and <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200919, nonsarcopenic, FFMI 18\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), 13 patients with LC\u2010cachexia (FFMI 17\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), and 19 healthy controls (FFMI 19\u2009kg\/m\n<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), expression markers of ER stress, UPR (protein kinase\u2010like ER kinase [PERK], activating transcription factor [ATF] 6, and inositol\u2010requiring enzyme [IRE] 1\u2010\u03b1), oxidative stress, autophagy, proteolysis, and apoptosis (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting), and fiber atrophy (histology) were assessed. Atrophy and muscle wasting and weakness were seen in both groups of sarcopenic patients. Compared to healthy controls, in muscles of LC\u2010cachexia patients, expression of ER stress markers and UPR (three arms) was significantly upregulated, while in sarcopenic COPD, expression of a few ER stress markers and IRE1\u2010\u03b1 arm was upregulated. ER stress and an exaggerated UPR were observed in the VL muscle of patients with respiratory sarcopenia. The three branches of UPR were similarly upregulated in muscles of cancer cachectic patients, whereas in sarcopenic COPD patients, only IRE1 was upregulated. The differential profile of muscle UPR in chronic and subacute respiratory conditions offers a niche for the design of specific novel therapeutic approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,19]],"date-time":"2018-12-19T14:13:45Z","timestamp":1545228825000},"page":"11315-11329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response profile in quadriceps of sarcopenic patients with respiratory diseases"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"234","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2708-3443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther","family":"Barreiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department\u2010Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, IMIM\u2010Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences 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