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This analysis encompasses a deep examination of the protein profile expression under physiological and pathological conditions. Tear protein profile analysis will allow in the near future discriminating between different grades of inflammation, from acute trauma toward immune\u2010, endocrine\u2010, and nervous\u2010related disorders of the ocular surface.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Concluding Remarks<\/jats:title><jats:p>The review provides an overview of old and recent findings about inflammatory mediators identified at the ocular surface, under physiological and pathological conditions. To date, the analysis of tear fluid represents a new additional approach for diagnosis and management of ocular surface diseases. Understanding the pathophysiological mechanism could also offer significant advantages to develop strategies addressed to better clarify some complex ocular surface disorders. 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