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Pattern recognition receptors recognize the intracellular and extracellular pathogenic microbial components and stimulate the organism's inflammatory response by activating the pyroptosis signaling pathway and releasing interleukin\u20101\u03b2 (IL\u20101\u03b2), IL\u201018, and other inflammatory factors to promote pathogen clearance and prevent infection. In the process of continuous evolution, pathogens have developed multiple strategies to modulate the occurrence of pyroptosis and thus enhance their ability to induce disease; that is, the competition between host cells and pathogens controls the occurrence of pyroptosis. Competition can directly affect tissue inflammation outbreaks and even alter cell survival. Studies have shown that various bacterial infections, including <jats:italic>Shigella flexneri<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Legionella pneumophila<\/jats:italic>, can lead to pyroptosis. Pyroptosis is associated with the occurrence and development of various diseases caused by microbial infection, and the identification of molecules related to the pyroptosis signaling pathway may provide new drug targets for the treatment of related diseases. This study reviews the molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis and the role of pyroptosis in microbial infection\u2010related diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,8]],"date-time":"2018-12-08T05:29:15Z","timestamp":1544246955000},"page":"7885-7892","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["What role does pyroptosis play in microbial infection?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"234","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7717-8411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Xia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology  Xinxiang China"},{"name":"Postdoctoral Research Base, Henan Institute of Science and Technology Xinxiang China"},{"name":"Postdoctoral Research Station, Henan Agriculture University Zhengzhou 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