{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T19:43:14Z","timestamp":1790797394484,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,11]],"date-time":"2019-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,11]],"date-time":"2019-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547164800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Cellular Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Human T\u2010lymphotropic virus Type 1 (HTLV\u20101) is a retrovirus that is endemic in some regions of the world. It is known to cause several diseases like adult T\u2010cell leukemia (ATL) and HTLV\u20101\u2010associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM\/TSP). Serology and molecular methods have been used to detect this virus. Of these, enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is used as a primary screening method and this is usually followed by western blotting (WB) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods as confirmatory tests. We conducted a systematic review of the different techniques used in the diagnosis of HTLV\u20101 infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our search was limited to original papers in the English language from 2010 to 2018 using several databases including Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Iranmedex, and Scientific Information Database. A manual search of references provided in the included papers was also performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 101 electronically searched citations, 43 met the inclusion criteria. ELISA is commonly used for qualitative and screening detection, and WB and PCR techniques are used to confirm infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among all the reported methods for detection of HTLV\u20101, only serological and molecular tests are used as the most common technical assays for HTLV\u20101.\u00a0The ELISA assay, without a confirmatory test, has several limitations and affect the accuracy of the results. Owing to the prevalence of HTLV\u20101 and limitations of the current detection methods, further evaluation of the accuracy of these methods is needed. There are new opportunities for applying novel technological advances in microfluidics, biosensors, and lab\u2010on\u2010a\u2010chip systems to perform HTLV\u20101 diagnostics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,11]],"date-time":"2019-01-11T10:49:46Z","timestamp":1547203786000},"page":"12433-12441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Current approaches for detection of human T\u2010lymphotropic virus Type 1: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"234","author":[{"given":"Mona","family":"Fani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Department School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1024-3906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majid","family":"Rezayi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Meshkat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Department of Medical Bacteriology and Virology, Qaem University Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Abdolrahim","family":"Rezaee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammation and Inflammatory Disease Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5602-6961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manoochehr","family":"Makvandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Department School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0549-4199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ebrahim","family":"Abouzari\u2010Lotf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Materials Research Group, Center of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0957-8349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gordon A.","family":"Ferns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Education Brighton &amp; 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