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Therefore, the present study reviewed the effects of arsenic exposure on the risk and potential etiologic mechanisms of obesity and diabetes. It has been suggested that inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis contribute to the pathogenesis of arsenic\u2010induced diabetes and obesity. Though arsenic is known to cause diabetes through different mechanisms, the role of adipose tissue in diabetes is still unclear. This review exhibited the effects of arsenic on the metabolism and signaling pathways within adipose tissue (such as sirtuin 3 [SIRT3]\u2010 forkhead box O3 [FOXO3a], mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase [MAPK], phosphoinositide\u2010dependant kinase\u20101 [PDK\u20101], unfolded protein response, and C\/EBP homologous protein [CHOP10]). Different types of adipokines involved in arsenic\u2010induced diabetes are yet to be elucidated. Arsenic exerts negative effects on the white adipose tissue by decreasing adipogenesis and enhancing lipolysis. Some epidemiological studies have shown that arsenic can promote obesity. Nevertheless, few studies have indicated that arsenic may induce lipodystrophy. Arsenic multifactorial effects include accelerating birth and postnatal weight gains, elevated body fat content, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and increased serum lipid profile. Arsenic also elevated cord blood and placental, as well as postnatal serum leptin levels. The data from human studies indicate an association between inorganic arsenic exposure and the risk of diabetes and obesity. However, the currently available evidence is insufficient to conclude that low\u2010moderate dose arsenic is associated with diabetes or obesity development. Therefore, more investigations are needed to determine biological mechanisms linking arsenic exposure to obesity and diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,23]],"date-time":"2019-01-23T17:06:30Z","timestamp":1548263190000},"page":"12516-12529","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["The role of arsenic in obesity and diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"234","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9579-8339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tahereh","family":"Farkhondeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences Birjand Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5461-9579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeed","family":"Samarghandian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences Neyshabur Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Azimi\u2010Nezhad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences Neyshabur Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2015.10.013"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_1_3_1","first-page":"164","article-title":"Evaluation of diabetogenic mechanism of high fat diet in combination with Arsenic exposure in male mice","volume":"17","author":"Ahangarpour A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research: IJPR"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002086"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12855"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12210"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2014.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_8_1","first-page":"237e243","article-title":"Association between As suppression of adipogenesis and induction of CHOP10 via the endoplasmic reticulum stress response","volume":"121","author":"Andersen M. 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