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Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) are reported to play important roles in the pathogenesis of EV71 replication. This study investigated the role of miR\u2010545 in the EV71 replication and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. We showed that miR\u2010545 was upregulated in the EV71\u2010infected human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells and rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells. Overexpression of miR\u2010545 promoted the viral replication of EV71 and attenuated the inhibitory effects of EV71 on cell viability in HEK293 and RD cells; while knockdown of miR\u2010545 significantly suppressed the EV71 replication in these two cell lines. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay showed that miR\u2010545 directly targeted the 3\u2032untranslated region of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and tumor necrosis factor receptor\u2010associated factor 6 (TRAF6) in HEK293 cells. Furthermore, miR\u2010545 negatively regulated the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of PTEN and TRAF6. The mRNA and protein expression of PTEN and TRAF6 was also suppressed by EV71 infection, which was attenuated by miR\u2010545 knockdown in HEK293 cells. Overexpression of PTEN and TRAF6 both suppressed the EV71 replication in HKE293 cells, and also attenuated the enhanced effects of miR\u2010545 overexpression on the EV71 replication in HEK293 cells. Collectively, our study for the first time showed that miR\u2010545 had an enhanced effect on the EV71 replication in HEK293 and RD cells. Further mechanistic results indicated that miR\u2010545 promoted EV71 replication at least partly via targeting PTEN and TRAF6.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]],"date-time":"2019-01-30T07:09:45Z","timestamp":1548832185000},"page":"15686-15697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["miR\u2010545 promoted enterovirus 71 replication via directly targeting phosphatase and tensin homolog and tumor necrosis factor receptor\u2010associated factor 6"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"234","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Medicine College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou Henan China"},{"name":"Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou Henan China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment &amp; Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou Henan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Medicine College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou Henan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6485-2371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiansheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou Henan China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment &amp; Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou Henan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huaming","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Medicine College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou Henan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Medicine College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou Henan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lingyan","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College, Jianghan University Wuhan Hubei China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huijuan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Medicine College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou Henan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Medicine College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou Henan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Medicine College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou Henan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61080-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005405"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_1_4_1","first-page":"177","article-title":"Best practices to prevent transmission and control outbreaks of hand, foot, and mouth disease in childcare facilities: A systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Chan J. 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