{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T16:40:18Z","timestamp":1790959218043,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]],"date-time":"2019-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]],"date-time":"2019-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555372800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Cellular Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010Asparaginases hydrolyzing plasma\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010asparagine and\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010glutamine has attracted tremendous attention in recent years owing to remarkable anticancer properties. This enzyme is efficiently used for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and lymphosarcoma and emerged against ALL in children, neoplasia, and some other malignancies. Cancer cells reduce the expression of\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010asparaginase leading to their elimination. The\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010asparaginase anticancerous application approach has made incredible breakthrough in the field of modern oncology through depletion of plasma\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010asparagine to inhibit the cancer cells growth; particularly among children. High level of\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010asparaginase enzyme production by\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli, Erwinia<\/jats:italic>\n                    species,\n                    <jats:italic>Streptomyces<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    species is highly desirable as bacterial alternative enzyme sources for anticancer therapy. Thermal or harsh conditions stability of those from the two latter bacterial species is considerable. Some enzymes from marine bacteria have conferred stability in adverse conditions being more advantageous in cancer therapy. Several side effects exerted by\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010asparaginases such as hypersensitivity should be hindered or decreased through alternative therapies or use of immune\u2010suppressor drugs. The\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010asparaginase from\n                    <jats:italic>Erwinia<\/jats:italic>\n                    species has displayed remarkable traits in children with this regard. Noticeably,\n                    <jats:italic>Erwinia chrysanthemi<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010asparaginase exhibited negligible glutaminase activity representing a promising efficiency mitigating related side effects. Application of software such as RSM would optimize conditions for higher levels of enzyme production. Additionally, genetic recombination of the encoding gene would indisputably help improving enzyme traits. Furthermore, the possibility of anticancer combination therapy using two or more\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010asparaginases from various sources is plausible in future studies to achieve better therapeutic outcomes with lower side effects.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]],"date-time":"2019-04-16T23:33:42Z","timestamp":1555457622000},"page":"19271-19279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Bacterial\n                    <scp>l<\/scp>\n                    \u2010asparaginases for cancer therapy: Current knowledge and future perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"234","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1243-6341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdolmajid","family":"Ghasemian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali\u2010Hussein","family":"Al\u2010marzoqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology College of Science for Women, Babylon University Hillah Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiba Riyadh","family":"Al\u2010abodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoonotic Disease Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasemin Khudiar","family":"Alghanimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences Hussein Faculty of Education, Karbala University Karbala Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samah Ahmed","family":"Kadhum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon Babylon Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyyed Khalil","family":"Shokouhi Mostafavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azam","family":"Fattahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Training in Skin Disease and Leprosy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11480"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_3_1","unstructured":"Al\u2010Jewari H.(2010).In vitro cytotoxic activity of thel\u2010asparaginase extracted and purified from pathogenic Escherichia coli against four Leukemic cell lines. 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