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Direct transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) or stem cell\u2010derived chondrocytes into the damaged cartilage is a promising therapeutic strategy for OA, but is limited by the poor survival and in situ stability of the chondrocytes. Autophagy is a unique catabolic pathway conserved across eukaryotes that maintains cellular homeostasis, recycles damaged proteins and organelles, and promotes survival. The aim of this study was to determine the role of the proautophagic \u03b3\u2010aminobutyric acid receptor\u2010associated protein (GABARAP) on the therapeutic effects of BMSCs\u2010derived chondrocytes in a rat model of OA, and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) was performed in Sprague\u2013Dawley rats to simulate OA, and the animals were injected weekly with recombinant human His6\u2010GABARAP protein, BMSCs\u2010derived differentiated chondrocytes (DCs) or their combination directly into the knee cartilage. The regenerative effects of GABARAP and\/or DCs were determined in term of International Cartilage Repair Society scores and cartilage thickness. The combination treatment of DCs and GABARAP significantly increased the levels of the ECM proteins Col II and SOX9, indicating formation of hyaline\u2010like cartilage, and decreased chondrocyte apoptosis and inflammation. DCs\u2009+\u2009GABARAP treatment also upregulated the mediators of the autophagy pathway and suppressed the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR pathway, indicating a mechanistic basis of its therapeutic action.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,25]],"date-time":"2019-04-25T01:10:22Z","timestamp":1556154622000},"page":"21014-21026","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["<i>Retracted<\/i>\n                    : GABARAP promotes bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells\u2010based the osteoarthritis cartilage regeneration through the inhibition of PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling pathway"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"234","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4676-6266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhengyuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi 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Guangxi Medical University Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiting","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengyi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery The First Affiliated 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