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Since implant removal can become technically very challenging with the potential to cause further tissue damage, biodegradable materials are emerging as alternative options. Magnesium (Mg)\u2010based biodegradable implants have a controllable degradation rate and good tissue compatibility, which makes them attractive for musculoskeletal research. Herein, the degradation of Mg and steel implants, the pathological characteristics and osteoblast differentiation in mice femora were examined. To investigate the molecular mechanism, we analyzed the differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in Mg\u2010implanted or stain\u2010steel\u2010implanted callus tissues. lncRNA LOC103691336 was upregulated in Mg\u2010implanted tissues and most relevant to BMPR2, a kinase receptor of BMPs with an established role in osteogenesis. The knockdown of LOC103691336 attenuated Mg\u2010mediated osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, miR\u2010138\u20105p, previously reported to inhibit osteogenic differentiation, could bind to LOC103691336 and BMPR2 in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). LOC103691336 competed with BMPR2 for miR\u2010138\u20105p binding in BMSCs to attenuate the inhibitory effect of miR\u2010138\u20105p on BMPR2 expression. Finally, the effect of LOC103691336 knockdown on Mg\u2010mediated osteogenic differentiation could be attenuated by miR\u2010138\u20105p inhibition. In conclusion, we provided a novel mechanism of Mg implants mediating the osteogenesis differentiation and demonstrated that Mg implants may be promising for improving fracture healing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,12]],"date-time":"2019-05-12T23:55:24Z","timestamp":1557705324000},"page":"21316-21330","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["LOC103691336\/miR\u2010138\u20105p\/BMPR2 axis modulates Mg\u2010mediated osteogenic differentiation in rat femoral fracture model and rat primary bone marrow stromal cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"234","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3465-3857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ding","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering Central South University Changsha China"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, The Second 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