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Nuclear factor\u2010kappa B (NF\u2010\u03baB) is characteristically known for its ubiquitous role in the inflammatory response. However, its functional role in adult mammalian axon growth remains elusive. Here, we found that the NF\u2010\u03baB signaling pathway is activated in adult sensory neurons through peripheral axotomy. Furthermore, inhibition of NF\u2010\u03baB in peripheral sensory neurons attenuated their axon growth <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. Our results also showed that NF\u2010\u03baB modulated axon growth by repressing the phosphorylation of STAT3. Furthermore, activation of STAT3 significantly promoted adult optic nerve regeneration. Taken together, the findings of our study indicated that NF\u2010\u03baB\/STAT3 cascade is a critical regulator of intrinsic axon growth capability in the adult nervous system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,18]],"date-time":"2019-05-18T04:45:40Z","timestamp":1558154740000},"page":"22517-22528","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Regulation of adult mammalian intrinsic axonal regeneration by NF\u2010\u03baB\/STAT3 signaling cascade"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"234","author":[{"given":"Jin\u2010Jin","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u2010Jie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital 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