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Recent studies demonstrated that stem cells can mediate therapeutic effect by secreting exosomes. We aimed to investigate the effect of human ASCs derived exosomes (ASC\u2010Exos) on peripheral nerve regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed after being internalized by Schwann cells (SCs), ASC\u2010Exos significantly promoted SC proliferation, migration, myelination, and secretion of neurotrophic factors by upregulating corresponding genes in vitro. We next evaluated the efficacy of ASC\u2010Exo therapy in a rat sciatic nerve transection model with a 10\u2010mm gap. Axon regeneration, myelination, and restoration of denervation muscle atrophy in ASC\u2010Exos treated group was significantly improved compared to vehicle control. This study demonstrates that ASC\u2010Exos effectively promote peripheral nerve regeneration via optimizing SC function and thereby represent a novel therapeutic strategy for regenerative medicine and nerve tissue engineering.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28873","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]],"date-time":"2019-05-24T04:05:45Z","timestamp":1558670745000},"page":"23097-23110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":133,"title":["Exosomes from human adipose\u2010derived stem cells promote sciatic nerve regeneration via optimizing Schwann cell function"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"234","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 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