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Elucidation of the biological mechanism involved in the process of muscle mass loss and cachexia may help identify therapeutic targets. We hypothesized that <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010carnitine treatment may differentially revert muscle fiber atrophy and other structural alterations in slow\u2010 and fast\u2010twitch limb muscles of rats bearing the Yoshida ascites hepatoma. In soleus and gastrocnemius of tumor\u2010bearing rats (10<jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup> AH\u2010130 Yoshida ascites hepatoma cells inoculated intraperitoneally) with and without treatment with <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010carnitine (1\u2009g\/kg body weight for 7 days, intragastric), food intake, body and muscle weights, fiber typing and morphometry, morphological features, redox balance, autophagy and proteolytic, and signaling markers were explored. Levels of carnitine palmitoyl transferase were also measured in all the study muscles. <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc><jats:bold>\u2010<\/jats:bold>Carnitine treatment ameliorated the atrophy of both slow\u2010 and fast\u2010twitch fibers (gastrocnemius particularly), muscle structural alterations (both muscles), and attenuated oxidative stress, proteolytic and signaling markers (gastrocnemius). Despite that carnitine palmitoyl transferase\u20101 levels increased in both muscle types in a similar fashion, <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010carnitine ameliorated muscle atrophy and proteolysis in a muscle\u2010specific manner in cancer\u2010induced cachexia. These data reveal the need to study muscles of different fiber type composition and function to better understand whereby <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010carnitine exerts its beneficial effects on the myofibers in muscle wasting processes. These findings also have potential clinical implications, since combinations of various exercise and muscle training modalities with <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010carnitine should be specifically targeted for the muscle groups to be trained.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]],"date-time":"2019-06-26T12:16:32Z","timestamp":1561551392000},"page":"526-537","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Differential structural features in soleus and gastrocnemius of carnitine\u2010treated cancer cachectic rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"235","author":[{"given":"S\u00edlvia","family":"Busquets","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Bioqu\u00edmica i Biomedicina Molecular, Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"P\u00e9rez\u2010Peir\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department\u2010Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group IMIM\u2010Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, and Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Salazar\u2010Degracia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department\u2010Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group IMIM\u2010Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, and Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josep M.","family":"Argil\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Bioqu\u00edmica i Biomedicina Molecular, Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Serpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health \u201cM. Aresu,\u201d University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alba","family":"Rojano\u2010Toimil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department\u2010Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group IMIM\u2010Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, and Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco J.","family":"L\u00f3pez\u2010Soriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Bioqu\u00edmica i Biomedicina Molecular, Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2708-3443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther","family":"Barreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department\u2010Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group IMIM\u2010Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, and Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_1_2_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Recommendations of the Spanish Society of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery on the diagnosis and treatment of nonsmall\u2010cell lung cancer","volume":"52","author":"Alvarez F. 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