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In recent years attention has fallen on pathogens; in particular,\u00a0<jats:italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Fusobacterium nucleatum<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>) and <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> have been studied. Several points remain to be clarified, and above all, as regards the adherent\u2010invasive <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> strains of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>, one wonders if they are a cause or a consequence of the disease. In this review, we have tried to clarify some points by examining a series of recent publications regarding the involvement of the bacterium in the pathology, even if other studies are necessary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.29430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]],"date-time":"2020-01-03T09:37:02Z","timestamp":1578044222000},"page":"5041-5049","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Adherent\u2010invasive <i>Escherichia coli<\/i> (AIEC): Cause or consequence of inflammation, dysbiosis, and rupture of cellular joints in patients with IBD?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"235","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7853-9159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelica","family":"Perna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Health Sciences \u201cVincenzo Tiberio\u201d University of Molise  Campobasso Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4111-0738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"Hay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8503-8475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcella","family":"Contieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3905-6154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"De Luca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4342-962X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Germano","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Health Sciences \u201cVincenzo Tiberio\u201d University of Molise  Campobasso Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6435-7680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Lucariello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Sciences and Wellness University of Naples \u201cParthenope\u201d  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09680519030090050901"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpgasthep0717"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","first-page":"699","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis","volume":"87","author":"Adams S. 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