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The advent of high\u2010dose (HD) methotrexate (HD\u2010MTX) therapy has significantly improved PCNSL prognosis. Currently, HD\u2010MTX\u2010based chemotherapy regimens are recognized as first\u2010line treatment. PCNSL is sensitive to radiotherapy, and whole\u2010brain radiotherapy (WBRT) can consolidate response to chemotherapy; however, WBRT\u2010associated delayed neurotoxicity leads to neurocognitive impairment, especially in elderly patients. Other effective approaches include rituximab, temozolomide, and autologous stem\u2010cell transplantation (ASCT). In addition, new drugs against PCNSL such as those targeting the B\u2010cell receptor signaling pathway, are undergoing clinical trials. However, optimal therapeutic approaches in PCNSL remain undefined. This review provides an overview of advances in surgical approaches, induction chemotherapy, radiotherapy, ASCT, salvage treatments, and novel therapeutic approaches in immunocompetent patients with PCNSL in the past 5 years. 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