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We examined the morphology and functioning of the main sex organs of striped dwarf hamsters (<jats:italic>Cricetulus barabensis<\/jats:italic>) under different photoperiods (short daylight [SD], moderate daylight [MD], and long daylight [LD]) and further investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms. There was an inverse correlation between blood melatonin levels and photoperiod in the order SD\u2009&gt;\u2009MD\u2009&gt;\u2009LD. Decreases in body and tissue weights were observed under SD, whereas testis and epididymis weights between MD and LD were comparable. The diameters of the spermatogenic tubules, thickness of the spermatogenic epithelium, and the number of spermatogonia and Sertoli cells decreased under SD, whereas the serum\u2010luteinizing hormone, follicle\u2010stimulating hormone, and fecal testosterone concentrations decreased under LD. In SD, bax\/bcl2 protein expression increased in the testes and decreased in the epididymides, whereas LC3II\/LC3I remained unchanged in the testes and increased in the epididymides compared with the MD group. In LD, bax\/bcl2 and LC3II\/LC3I protein expression levels were unchanged in the testes but were decreased in the epididymides. In SD and LD, adenosine triphosphate synthase and citrate synthase protein expression levels were unchanged in the testes but were decreased in the epididymides. Drp1 and Mff protein expression increased in the testes and decreased in the epididymides. Overall, different regulatory mechanisms in the testis and epididymis led to degeneration under SD and maintenance under LD, preferentially protecting mitochondrial function in the testis by regulating mitochondrial fission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.29998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,3]],"date-time":"2020-08-03T06:26:41Z","timestamp":1596436001000},"page":"2109-2125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Effects of photoperiod on morphology and function in testis and epididymis of <i>Cricetulus barabensis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"236","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7598-6068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junjie","family":"Mou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences Qufu Normal University Qufu Shandong 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