{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T12:47:04Z","timestamp":1786711624852,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]],"date-time":"2020-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Cellular Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative joint disorder characterized by synovial inflammation. Interleukin\u20106 (IL\u20106) is a key proinflammatory cytokine in OA progression. Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) exposure increases the risk of different diseases, including OA. Up until now, no studies have described any association between PM2.5 and IL\u20106 expression in human OA synovial fibroblasts (OASFs). Here, our data show that PM2.5 concentration\u2010 and time\u2010dependently promoted IL\u20106 synthesis in human OASFs. We also found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation potentiated the effects of PM2.5 on IL\u20106 production. ASK1, ERK, p38, and JNK inhibitors reduced PM2.5\u2010induced increases of IL\u20106 expression. Treatment of OASFs with PM2.5 promoted phosphorylation of these signaling cascades. We also found that PM2.5 enhanced c\u2010Jun phosphorylation and its translocation into the nucleus. Thus, PM2.5 increases IL\u20106 production in human OASFs via the ROS, ASK1, ERK, p38, JNK, and AP\u20101 signaling pathways. Our evidence links PM2.5 with OA progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.30009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]],"date-time":"2020-08-18T03:53:56Z","timestamp":1597722836000},"page":"2205-2213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["PM2.5 facilitates IL\u20106 production in human osteoarthritis synovial fibroblasts via ASK1 activation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"236","author":[{"given":"Ju\u2010Fang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao\u2010Ching","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chronic Disease and Health Promotion Research Center Chang Gung University of Science and Technology Taoyuan Chiayi County Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care 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