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It has also been tested in nonfunctioning (NF) tumors but with poor results, with these outcomes having been associated with SSTR2 levels and impaired signaling. We investigated whether OCT inhibitory effects can be improved by TGF\u2010\u03b21 in functioning and nonfunctioning somatotroph tumor cells. OCT effects on hormone secretion and proliferation were analyzed in the presence of TGF\u2010\u03b21 in WT and SSTR2\u2010overexpressing secreting GH3 and silent somatotroph tumor cells. The mechanism underlying these effects was assessed by studying SSTR and TGF\u03b2R signaling pathways mediators. In addition, we analyzed the effects of OCT\/TGF\u2010\u03b21 treatment on tumor growth and cell proliferation in vivo. The inhibitory effects of OCT on GH\u2010 and PRL\u2010secretion and proliferation were improved in the presence of TGF\u2010\u03b21, as well as by SSTR2 overexpression. The OCT\/TGF\u2010\u03b21 treatment induced downregulation of pERK1\/2 and pAkt, upregulation of pSmad3, and inhibition of cyclin D1. In vivo experiments showed that OCT in the presence of TGF\u2010\u03b21 blocked tumor volume growth, decreased cell proliferation, and increased tumor necrosis. These results indicate that SSTR2 levels and the stimulation of TGF\u2010\u03b21\/TGF\u03b2R\/Smad2\/3 pathway are important for strengthening the antiproliferative and antisecretory effects of OCT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.30360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]],"date-time":"2021-03-08T11:12:11Z","timestamp":1615201931000},"page":"6974-6987","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["TGF\u2010\u03b21\/Smad2\/3 signaling pathway modulates octreotide antisecretory and antiproliferative effects in pituitary somatotroph tumor cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"236","author":[{"given":"Florencia","family":"Picech","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas, Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba  C\u00f3rdoba 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