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However, none of the PKC inhibitors has been approved for anticancer therapy yet due to the limited efficacy in clinical trials, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010lactic acidosis, a common condition comprising high <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010lactate concentration and acidic pH in the tumor microenvironment, has been known to induce tumor metastasis and drug resistance. In this study, <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010lactic acid was found to reverse the inhibitory effects of pan\u2010PKC inhibitors GO6983 on PKC activity, cell migration, and EGFR\u2010TKI resistance, but these effects were not affected by the modulators of lactate receptor GPR81. Interestingly, blockade of lactate transporters, monocarboxylate transporter\u20101 and \u20104 (MCT1 and MCT4), attenuated the intracellular level of GO6983, and its inhibitory effect on PKC activity, suggesting that lactic acid promotes the resistance to PKC inhibitors by competing for the uptake through these transporters rather than by activating its receptor, GPR81. Our findings explain the underlying mechanisms of the limited response of PKC inhibitors in clinical trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.30570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]],"date-time":"2021-09-02T05:01:55Z","timestamp":1630558915000},"page":"934-948","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<scp>l<\/scp>\u2010lactic acidosis confers insensitivity to PKC inhibitors by competing for\u00a0uptake via monocarboxylate transporters"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"237","author":[{"given":"Khuong T. 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