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Gal\u20103 plays a pivotal role in a variety of pathophysiological processes such as cell proliferation, inflammation, differentiation, angiogenesis, transformation and apoptosis, pre\u2010mRNA splicing, metabolic syndromes, fibrosis, and host defense. The role of Gal\u20103 has also been implicated in liver diseases. Gal\u20103 is activated upon a hepatotoxic insult to the liver and its level has been shown to be upregulated in fatty liver diseases, inflammation, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cholangitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Gal\u20103 directly interacts with the NOD\u2010like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3, and activates the inflammasome in macrophages of the liver. In the chronically injured liver, Gal\u20103 secreted by injured hepatocytes and immune cells, activates hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in a paracrine fashion to acquire a myofibroblast like collagen\u2010producing phenotype. Activated HSCs in the fibrotic liver secrete Gal\u20103 which acts via autocrine signaling to exacerbate extracellular matrix synthesis and fibrogenesis. In the stromal microenvironment, Gal\u20103 activates cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasiveness, and metastasis. Clinically, increased serum levels and Gal\u20103 expression were observed in the liver tissue of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrotic\/cirrhotic, and HCC patients. The pathological role of Gal\u20103 has been experimentally and clinically reported in the progression of chronic liver disease. Therefore, this review discusses the pathological role of Gal\u20103 in the progression of chronic liver diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.30956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T17:53:06Z","timestamp":1675705986000},"page":"673-686","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Unraveling the pathophysiologic role of galectin\u20103 in chronically injured liver"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"238","author":[{"given":"Devaraj","family":"Ezhilarasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Medicine and Toxicology Lab, Saveetha Dental College Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences  Chennai Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M312834200"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2021.1894127"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.744518"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01309"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep23348"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21145097"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-019-1149-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-300304"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1374"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10091232"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13708"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-bioeng-112619-044026"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9186940"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2005.032391"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2015.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2018.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18030500"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.11.296"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19020392"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","first-page":"497","article-title":"Roles of galectin\u20103 in immune responses","volume":"53","author":"Chen H. 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