{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T20:37:47Z","timestamp":1789677467951,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Cellular Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) are enzymes that belong to the neuromuscular cholinergic system, their main function is to hydrolyze the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), through their hydrolysis these enzymes regulate the neuronal and neuromuscular cholinergic system. They have recently attracted considerable attention due to the discovery of new enzymatic and nonenzymatic functions. These discoveries have aroused the interest of numerous scientists, consolidating the relevance of this group of enzymes. Recent investigations have revealed a positive correlation between several risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the expression of cholinesterases (ChE's), which underscore the impact of high ChE's activity on the pro\u2010inflammatory state associated with MetS. In addition, the excessive hydrolysis of ACh and other choline esters (succinylcholine, propionylcholine, butyrylcholine, etc.) by both ChE's results in the overproduction of fatty acid precursor metabolites, which facilitate the synthesis of very low\u2010density lipoproteins and triacylglycerols. Participation in these processes may represent the link between ChE's and metabolic disorders. However, further scientific research is required to fully elucidate the involvement of ChE's in metabolic diseases. This review aims to collect recent research studies that contribute to understanding the association between the cholinergic system and metabolic diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.31274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T03:09:45Z","timestamp":1712891385000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["New paradigms in the study of the cholinergic system and metabolic diseases: Acetyl\u2010and\u2010butyrylcholinesterase"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"239","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5279-8590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan David","family":"Villeda\u2010Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Estancia Posdoctoral CONAHCYT, Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda Celular Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico Ciudad de M\u00e9xico M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"G\u00f3mez\u2010Olivares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y de la Salud Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana\u2010Iztapalapa M\u00e9xico City M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3669-4185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Arturo","family":"Baiza\u2010Gutman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio en Biolog\u00eda del Desarrollo, Unidad de Morfolog\u00eda y Funci\u00f3n, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico Estado de M\u00e9xico M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.10.092"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-020711-075015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.5560030204"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03296-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89104-8"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"Intermediate syndrome in acute organophosphate poisoning: Case report","volume":"31","author":"Bargull\u2010D\u00edaz I. C.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Medicina UPB"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-3147.143187"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4439(94)90008-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2017.123"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marenvres.2010.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.93340"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","first-page":"147","article-title":"The action of certain esters of choline and their relation to muscarine","volume":"6","author":"Dale H. H.","year":"1914","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e31823cc7a6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-013-9697-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2015.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/JMN:28:3:247"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5670145"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-8673.2006.00368.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arteri.2013.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115312"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FIMMU.2017.01085"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-124183"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(19990501)56:3<295::AID-JNR9>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2009.05.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.1.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-021-00812-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S201594"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.19.9031"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0166-4328(05)80151-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfaa200"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","first-page":"303","volume-title":"The ordeal bean of old calabar. The pageant of Physostigma venenosum in medicine. Plants in the development of modern medicine","author":"Holmsteddt B.","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2020.05.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2018.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1388-1981(99)00203-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221910662"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2018.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490040110"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00433.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Int. Encyclop. Pharmacol","author":"Kaczmar A. G.","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2004.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S129145"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5811\/cpcem.2020.5.46703"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2019-0565"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CBI.2005.10.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1993.tb03629.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2014.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01741947"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14756366.2021.1882452"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/PTR.6804"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi300955k"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1938.sp003582"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2020.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V83.10.3003.3003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160733"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1976.tb10972.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527313666141023141545"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2013.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(77)90180-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2019.1616436"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/dmpt-2020-0119"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2017.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2012.189"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JCP.25307"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03140.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7753(00)71529-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2007.03.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-18-0046"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63774-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006504.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2009.02098.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1014904701723"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JNR.490350610"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.613979"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026619666190128125912"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27227855"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-013-0176-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/S41366-018-0014-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1987.tb13662.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_82_1","volume-title":"X\u2010Ray crystallographic studies on acetylcholinesterase and on its interaction with anticholinesterase agents","author":"Silman I.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20041000"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1015867021628"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_85_1","volume-title":"Book: Cholinesterase genes: multileveled regulation; monographs in human genetic","author":"Soreq H.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2010.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-005-4147-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2011.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12291-014-0443-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2020.103647"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_91_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Acetylcholinesterase\u2010associated inflammation in patients with giant cell arteritis. Evaluation by histology and 11C\u2010donepezil PET\/CT","volume":"37","author":"Therkildsen P.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-062012-170433"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(92)90203-j"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-0186(86)90039-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5214\/ans.0972.7531.2008.150403"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10060852"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2009.04.008"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_98_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Serum butyrylcholinesterase\/HDL\u2010cholesterol ratio and atherogenic index of plasma in patients with fatty liver disease","volume":"67","author":"Tureck\u00fd L.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vnitrni Lekarstvi"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2018.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.629346"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0b013e3283627700"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0b013e3283627700"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2960649"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_104_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"Glycosylation of cholinesterases and its alteration in some pathological processes","volume":"1","author":"Vidal C. J.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Recent Research Dev Neurochemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2005.10.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2012.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117585"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26082258"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00411-4"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cellular Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcp.31274","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T13:16:38Z","timestamp":1723641398000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcp.31274"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]]},"references-count":108,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jcp.31274"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcp.31274","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9541","1097-4652"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9541","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-4652","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e31274"}}