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M\u00fcller glia cells play a pivotal role in retinal homoeostasis by providing metabolic and structural support to retinal neurons, preventing aberrant photoreceptors migration, and facilitating safe glutamate uptake. In fish and amphibians, injured retinas regenerate due to M\u00fcller\u2010like glial stem cells, a phenomenon absent in the mammalian retina for unknown reasons. Research on M\u00fcller cells has been complex due to difficulties in obtaining pure cell population and their rapid de\u2010differentiation in culture. While various M\u00fcller glia cell lines from human and rats are described, no nonhuman primate M\u00fcller glia cell line is currently available. Here, we report spontaneously immortalised M\u00fcller glia cell lines derived from macaque neural retinas that respond to growth factors and expand indefinitely in culture. They exhibit M\u00fcller cells morphology, such as an elongated shape and cytoplasmic projections, express M\u00fcller glia markers (VIMENTIN, GLUTAMINE SYNTHASE, glutamate\u2010aspartate transporter, and CD44), and express stem cell markers such as PAX6 and SOX2. In the presence of factors that induce photoreceptor differentiation, these cells show a shift in gene expression patterns suggesting a state of de\u2010differentiation, a phenomenon known in reprogrammed mammalian M\u00fcller cells. The concept of self\u2010renewing retina might seem unfeasible, but not unprecedented. While vertebrate M\u00fcller glia have a regeneration potential absent in mammals, understanding the mechanisms behind reprogramming of M\u00fcller glia in mammals could unlock their potential for treating retinal degenerative diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.31482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T09:33:42Z","timestamp":1732786422000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Spontaneously Immortalised Nonhuman Primate M\u00fcller Glia Cell Lines as Source to Explore Retinal Reprogramming Mechanisms for Cell Therapies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"240","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4300-2033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Salman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Oxford Oxford Oxfordshire 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