{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T16:52:37Z","timestamp":1791564757279,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004737","name":"National Health Research Institutes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004737","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Cellular Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Methylmercury (MeHg) is a potent neurotoxin that can cross the blood\u2013brain barrier and disrupt neurological function in animals. Emerging evidence suggests that MeHg neurotoxicity may originate from compromised astrocytes, as they are strategically positioned to metabolize and process substances that enter the central nervous system. Thus, a better characterization of the timely cellular responses of astrocytes upon MeHg exposure is key to delineating the toxicology of MeHg. Here, MeHg exposure caused a transient increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca\u00b2\u207a]i), which peaked within 3\u2009h and 30\u2009min, respectively, in astrocytes. Further analyses indicated that the increase in [Ca\u00b2\u207a]i after MeHg exposure might involve both extracellular Ca\u00b2\u207a influx and Ca\u00b2\u207a release from intracellular stores, as evidenced by alteration of Ca\u00b2\u207a dynamics in cells by targeting specific Ca\u00b2\u207a channels with blockers. Further cytotoxicity analyses revealed that antagonizing Ca\u00b2\u207a\u2010dependent signaling pathways and ROS levels markedly protected astrocytes against MeHg\u2010induced cell death. Treatment with lipopolysaccharide improved cell survival under MeHg exposure, suggesting a reciprocal interaction of proinflammatory signaling and MeHg on [Ca\u00b2\u207a]i kinetics and nitric oxide production. Collectively, our findings indicated that transient alterations in free radical and Ca\u00b2\u207a levels in astrocytes may be associated with MeHg\u2010induced cytotoxicity. Targeting oxidative stress and Ca\u00b2\u207a signaling in astrocytes may provide potential strategies for mitigating MeHg\u2010induced neurotoxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.70141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T06:14:47Z","timestamp":1769148887000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["MeHg\u2010Induced Cytotoxicity Associated With Oxidative Stress and Early Calcium Mobility in Rat Cerebral Cortical Astrocytes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"241","author":[{"given":"Yei\u2010Tsung","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung\u2010Ho","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine 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